Method of making lined bearings



O 1929- J. BRINCIL 1,7

METHOD OF MAKING LINED BEARINGS Filed Feb, 6, 1928 m ENT 1 Patented Oct. 29, 1929- .UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE .J'OSEIPH BRINCIL, OI READING, PENNSYLVANIA METHOD OF MAKING LINED BEARINGS a I I Application filed February 6, 1928. Serial No. 252,219.

. shells with babbitt by the centrifugal proeess is a relatively slow process as compared with press operations, and great difliculty has been encountered in applying molten bearing 7 metal on a tinned strip of backing metal and then forming said strip into bearings.

Another process by which the bearing metal is first rolled into sheets and then rolled onto an abraded strip and formed into bearin s, has for its disadvantage the almost prohi itivecost and thedifiiculty in rolling a soft metal into sheet form of uniform size.

And still further another process by which a sheet bearing metal sleeve of a length greater than the bearing into which it is com-v.

pressed, also has the disadvantage of using the liningin sheet form.

It is the object of this invention to overcome all the above disadvantages and produce a method of making lined bearings by the most efiicient method of production, and using a process whereby the lining metal be comes more compact, the strength increased, the surfaces smooth and free from flaws and other defects. I

I do this by the use of the extrusion proc 'ess. The extrusion process is a method whereby shapes of fairly plastic metals can be produced, by forcing or flowing the metal, which at times must be heated, under heavy pressures thru an opening of the shape to be produced.

Lead and tin and their alloys are readily extruded at atmospheric temperatures, while copper requires a temperature of 1700 to 1800. F. 4

The dimensions of extruded shapes can be gauged with great accuracy and require no finishing, thereby enabling the product to be used immediately.

The extrusion process has a marked influenceon the properties of the metals,'and especially so where the metal is extruded at atmospheric pressures, whereupon the metal will become more condensed, and the grain refined, adding to its strength, hardness, and toughness.

This is known to be true when extruding -'zinc under a pressure of about 75,000 to 95,-

000 pounds per square inch, at a temperature of 80 to 190 F. This action causes the coarse crystalline structure of ordinary zinc to be converted into a fine grain, and the zinc assumes the properties of brass, having a tensile strength of 28,000 to 30,000 poundsper square inch and an elongation from 25% to 75%, as against ordinary zinc whichhas a tensile strength of about 5,000 pounds and hardly any percentage of elongation.

The advantage of the extrusion process in the manufacture of lined bearings isthat it permits of producing lined bearings, by the flowing of the metal principle at a very low cost, at the same time obtaining a highly refined bearing metal lining.

Just four operations are involved, namely a ferrule of a suitable bearing metal is cast by a series of steel molds which are fastened onto a dial plate and revolved underneath a metal spigot thru which a certain amount of molten bearing metal is poured, and then when the steel mold is filled, the next mold is positioned underneath the metal spigot and so on. The cast bearing ring of metal is ejected from the steel mold before that mold again comes into position for the next charge. This is a very rapid operation. The size of the bearing metal ferrule to be cast, should be of a size whose wall thickness is double the wall thickness of the metal shell that is to receive it, and the length should be determined by experiment. The ferrule should be made of a size of just enough metal to extrude .flush with the ends of the metal shell into which it is to be extruded. Thelength is usually about one half of the length of the shell.

. If a bearing metal is to be extruded, that is harder than the so-called Babbitt type, the bearing metal ferrule should be hea ed before it is inserted in the die to be extruded.

The next operation consists of abrading a strip of base metal, preferably steel, by blast- I knurled, indented or any combination of these. The strip is then formed into split sleeves..-

The next operation is done in an ordinary punch press that contains an automatic feeding mechanism known as a dial feed. This dial feed mechanism contains a dial plate upon which are mounted a number of the same dies, so that when one is in operation, the others may be loaded and unloaded. T he dial plate containing the multiple dies is automatically indexed from one station to the other. i

This operation then consists of positioning a sleeve of base metal which has been abraded on the interior into a die, with a cast bearing metal ferrule placed above it in the die, and'with one stroke of the plunger the bearing metal ferrule is extruded into the shell.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated diagrammatically the method of operation. Figure 1-shows a sectional view of a die and support plate,with the abraded metal sleeve ready to receive the bearing metal ferrule and the plunger ready for its downward stroke for extruding.

Figure 2-shows a sectional view of the plunger on its downward stroke about half completed, and the bearin metal ferrule in the process of being extruded into the metal sleeve.

Figure 3-is a perspective view of a completed lined bearing.

Figure 4--is a perspective View of a semicircular lined bearing.

In Figure 1, the support plate 10 has a bore 19 of the same diameter as the small diameter 20 of the plunger 12. The support plate 10 is of the same size as the dial plate of which the die 11 is a part. This support plate does not move. The die 11 is ahardened block of tool steel with a bore 18 that is ground to a diameter of the same size as the outside diameter of the bearing to be made. The diameter 15 of plunger 12 is of the same size as the die bore 18. This plunger 12 should also be hardened and ground, because the diameter 20 of plunger 12 is to lined bearing. The diameter 16 of plunger 12 is merely a shank for the plunger to fit into the plunger holder. Themetal sleeve 13 is shown in position ready to receive the bearing metal ferrule 14, which is cast with a bore slightly larger than the diameter 20 of the plunger 12.

Figure 2 shows the bearing metal ferrule 14 in the act of being extruded into the metal shell 13 with the abraded surface 21 on the interior. For best results the abraded shell 13 should have the ends chamfered on a radius 17 to permit the metal to flow ing metal shot upon it, or it can be grooved,

be used for sizing the bore of the easily into the metal shell. The metal shell should preferably be made of steel, as this is less expensive than the others. The downward stroke of the plunger 12 should continue until the bearing metal ferrule 14 is extruded flush with the ends of the abraded steel shell 13. A piece of steel tubing may also be used instead of sheet metal, to receive the extruded bearing metal ferrule.

After the bearing metal ferrule 14 has been extruded flush with the end of the abraded shell 13, the plunger 12 returns on its upward stroke and remains clear of the die 11. This permits of the indexing of the next station which already is loaded with an abraded metal shell 13 and bearing metal ferrule 14. The completed bearing is moved tothe next station Where it is ejected from the die 11.

Figure 3 shoWs a finished lined bearing with the unitary extruded bearing lining 22 in position in the metal shell 13. This unitary bearing lining extruded into the shell has also the advantage of holding more firmly together the split ends 23 of the metal shell.

Figure 4 shows a semi-circular or-half bearing obtained by slitting or sawing the bearing in Figure 3 along the split section 23.

I claim: J 1. The method of producing lined bearings, comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, and extruding a cast bearing metal ferrule therein to form a bearing lining on the interior thereof. 2. The method of producing lined bearings, comprlsing roughening a strip of base metal forming said strip into cylindrical form, with the roughened surface innermost, and extruding a cast bearing metal ferrule therein to form a bearing lining on the interior thereof.

3. The method of producing lined bearings, comprising grooving an abraded strip of base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, with the grooved and abraded surface innermost, and extruding a cast hearing metal ferrule therein to form a bearing lining on the interior thereof.

4. The method of producing lined bearings, comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form with the abraded surface innermost, and extruding therein a cast bearing metal ferrule of approximately one half the length and whose wall thickness is double the wall thickness of the abraded shell.

5. The method of producing lined bearings, comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form with the abraded surface innermost,

6. The method of producing lined bearings comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into a split cylindrical shell, with the abraded surface innermost, and extruding therein a unitary cast bearing metal ferrule, by means of a plunger, one end ofwhich is used for sizing the bore of the bearing. Q1;

7. The method of producing lined bearings, comprising an abraded strip of suitable base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, and extruding a babbitt bearing metal ferrule therein to form a bearing lining on the interior thereof.

8. The method of producing lined bearings comprising abrading a strip of suitable base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, and extruding a cast bearing metal ferrule oyer the interior end of the abraded cylindrical shell to form a lining on the interior thereof.

9. The method of producing lined bear ings, comprising abrading a strip bf base metal, forming said stri into a split cylindrical shell, and extru ing a non-unitary bearing metal ferrule therein, to form a bearing on the interior thereof.

10. The method of producing lined bearings comprising abrading a strip of basemetal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, with the abraded surface innermost, and extruding a heated bearing metal ferrule therein to form a bearing lining on the interior thereof. f

11. The method of producing lined bearings, comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, with the abraded surface innermost,

extruding a'bearing metal ferrule flush with the end of the abraded sleeve, and subjecting the combination to heavy pressure. I t

12. The method of producing lined bearings comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into cylindrical form, with the abraded surface innermost, extruding a bearing metal ferrule flush with the end of the abraded sleeve, subjecting the combination to pressure, and sawing the said lined bearing into semi-circular forms.

13. The method of producing lined bea'rings, comprising abrading a strip of base metal, forming said strip into a split cylina drical form with the abraded surface innermost, extrudin a bearing metalferrule flush with the end 0 the abraded sleeve, and sawing the said lined bearing along the split section to form two semi-circular lined bearings.

- In testimony whereof I aflix m signature. JOSEPH BltINCIL. 

